The bases in each of the two DNA strands form what arereferred to as base pairs, and each strand is polymerized in an orientation oppositerelative to its partner. The chemical composition of the bases dictates that A always pairs with T on the opposite strand, and G with C. Hence, normal DNA contains only A : Tand G : C base pairs.
Mutations defined as changes in the sequence of the bases, can occur by a number of means: for example, single base substitutions that might result from errors during DNA replication (copying of the DNA prior to cell division; see below), or deletion of larger pieces of a chromosome or translocation events (swapping pieces from one chromosome to another).
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